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- $Unique_ID{BRK04015}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency}
- $Subject{Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency DOC 13 (Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency)
- Disorder of Cornification 13 (Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency) Mucosulfatidosis
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Syndrome Sulfatidosis, Juvenile, Austin Type
- Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome (Arylsulfatase-B Deficiency; Mucopolysaccharidosis VI;
- Polydystrophic Dwarfism) Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (Arylsulfatase-A
- Deficiency; Metachromatic Form of Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis; Cerebroside
- Sulfatase Deficiency; Metachromatic Leukoencephalopathy; Sulfatide Lipidosis;
- Sulfatidosis) }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 552:
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Multiple Sulfatase
- Deficiency) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
- on the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- DOC 13 (Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency)
- Disorder of Cornification 13 (Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency)
- Mucosulfatidosis
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Syndrome
- Sulfatidosis, Juvenile, Austin Type
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome (Arylsulfatase-B Deficiency; Mucopolysaccharidosis
- VI; Polydystrophic Dwarfism)
-
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (Arylsulfatase-A Deficiency; Metachromatic
- Form of Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis; Cerebroside Sulfatase Deficiency;
- Metachromatic Leukoencephalopathy; Sulfatide Lipidosis; Sulfatidosis)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency is a very rare hereditary metabolic
- disorder characterized by impairment of all known sulfatase enzymes. Major
- symptoms include coarse facial features, deafness, and an enlarged liver and
- spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). Abnormalities of the skeleton may occur such as
- curvature of the spine (lumbar kyphosis) and in the breast bone. The skin is
- usually dry and scaly (ichthyosis). Before symptoms are noticeable, children
- with this disorder usually develop more slowly than normal. They may not
- learn to walk or speak as quickly as other children.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency usually start during the first or
- second year of life. Children with this disorder usually have coarse facial
- features and they are often deaf. The liver and spleen are usually enlarged.
- Curvature of the lower portion of the spine, and an abnormal breast bone
- usually also occur. In addition, the skin is dry, scaly and itchy
- (ichthyosis). Development is usually delayed in children with this disorder.
- Children with Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency may not walk normally and their
- speech is usually impaired.
-
- Laboratory tests show abnormalities in cells of the bone marrow and in
- white blood cells. The bone behind the nasal bones (sella turcica) is J-
- shaped and the little bones of fingers and toes (phalanges) are broader than
- normal. Levels of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine are
- higher than normal. A deficiency of several enzymes (arylsulfatase A, B, and
- C, two steroid sulfatases and four other sulfatases) occurs. In normal
- concentration, these enzymes are needed to break down certain carbohydrates
- known as "mucopolysaccharides".
-
- Causes
-
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency is a hereditary disorder transmitted through
- autosomal recessive genes. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
- gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
- usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
- children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
- twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but
- healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.) Symptoms are caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A,
- B, and C, 2 steroid sulfatases, and 4 other sulfatases that are needed for
- the breakdown of certain carbohydrates known as "mucopolysaccharides".
-
- Affected Population
-
- Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency is present at birth, although symptoms of this
- disorder don't become noticeable until the first or second year of life. It
- is a very rare disorder affecting males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can resemble those of Multiple Sulfatase
- Deficiency. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome (Arylsulfatase-B Deficiency;
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VI; Polydystrophic Dwarfism) is a form of
- mucopolysaccharidosis. These are a group of genetic disorders caused by the
- deficiency of one of ten specific lysosomal enzymes, resulting in an
- inability to metabolize certain complex carbohydrates (mucopolysaccharides)
- into simpler molecules. The accumulation of these large, undegraded
- mucopolysaccharides in the cells of the body causes a number of symptoms.
- This syndrome can occur as a severe type, an intermediate type, and a mild
- type. Growth retardation generally occurs from 2-3 years of age, with
- coarsening of facial features and abnormalities in the bones of hands and
- spine. Joint stiffness also occurs. The intellect is usually normal.
- (Choose "Maroteaux-Lamy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (Arylsulfatase-A Deficiency; Metachromatic
- Form of Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis; Cerebroside Sulfatase Deficiency;
- Metachromatic Leukoencephalopathy; Sulfatide Lipidosis; Sulfatidosis) is a
- hereditary disorder transmitted through autosomal recessive genes. It
- affects the brain and spinal cord. The disorder is characterized by
- progressive paralysis and dementia. It can appear in a late infantile,
- juvenile, or an adult form. (Choose "Metachromatic Leukodystrophy" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Ichthyosis can be a symptom of Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency.
- "Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing a
- group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (Use "Ichthyosis" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for the symptoms of skeletal abnormalities in Multiple Sulfatase
- Deficiency is symptomatic and supportive. An orthopedist can provide
- treatment for curvature of the spine. Dermatologic symptoms (ichthyosis) are
- treated by applying skin softening (emollient) ointments, preferably plain
- petroleum jelly. This can be especially effective after bathing while the
- skin is still moist. Salicylic acid gel is another particularly effective
- ointment. The skin should be covered at night with an airtight, waterproof
- dressing when this ointment is used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective
- treatment.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, Inc.
- 2001 Beacon St, Rm. 304
- Brookline, MA 02164
- (617) 277-4463 or 277-3965
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- Association Europeenne contre les Leucodystrophies
- 7 Rue Pasteur
- 54000 NANCY
- France
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTATE 12% LOTION IN THE TREATMENT OF ICHTHYOSIS.
- ACTIVE VERSUS VEHICLE AND ACTIVE VERSUS A PETROLEUM CREAM: M. Buxman, et al.;
- Journal Am Acad Dermatol (December 1986: issue 15(6)). Pp. 1253-1258.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 888-889.
-
- VARIOUS SULFATASE ACTIVITIES IN LEUKOCYTES AND CULTURED SKIN FIBROBLASTS
- FROM HETEROZYGOTES FOR THE MULTIPLE SULFATASE DEFICIENCY (MUCOSULFATIDOSIS):
- Y. Eto, et al.; Pediatr Res (February 1983: issue 17(2)). Pp. 97-100.
-
- MULTIPLE DEFICIENCY OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE SULFATASES IN MUCOSULFATIDOSIS: R.
- Basner, et al.; Pediatr Res (December 1979: issue 13(12)). Pp. 1316-1318.
-
-